One of the few British-based fashion designers to combine commercial success with critical credibility, PAUL SMITH (1946-) is renowned for his idiosyncratic take on traditional British styling -'classics with a twist' - both in his fashion collections and his shops.

Paul Smith fell into fashion by accident. As a jobless 15 year-old who had left school with no qualifications, he was frogmarched by Harold Smith, his father, into a Nottingham clothing warehouse one day and forced to take a job there as an errand boy.

That was back in the 1960s. Smith, who once described himself as being "okay at design and okay at business but exceptional at neither", has since become Britain's most consistently successful fashion designer whose products are sold in over 200 shops and through 500 wholesale customers in Japan alone, where his label out-sells every other European designer.

Born in Nottingham in 1946, Paul Smith remembered his family home a few miles outside the city centre as "always very comfortable ... excellent mum, quirky dad, an always stable, good relationship". When he left school at 15, his only ambition was to become a racing cyclist until his father hauled him off to the clothing warehouse. "When I look back I realise how influenced I was by Nottingham," wrote Smith years later. "I'd cycle around, there'd be the coal miners, Derby tweeds and the elegance of the country squires. My brother worked for the Post Office and wore that blue cotton drill GPO shirt."

During his first two years at the warehouse, Smith had no real interest in his work there except for the cycle journey to and from his home. It was only after an accident ended his dreams of becoming a racing cyclist, that he flung himself into his job. "Just by chance I met a lot of people from the art college and became interested in things like art and fashion," he recalled. "Back at the warehouse I started to make displays in the showroom ... The boss was really impressed and he gave me all the buying to do for the men's wear when I was still only 17."

When a friend from art college decided to open a fashion boutique in Nottingham, Smith found the premises, decorated them and ran the shop as its manager. By 1970, encouraged by his girlfriend Pauline Denyer, he felt ready to go it alone by ploughing his £600 savings into Paul Smith Vêtement Pour Homme on Byard Lane, a shabby back alley. The rent was 50p a week: just as well given that the first week's takings came to £52. Open only on Fridays and Saturdays, the shop was scented with Christian Dior Eau Sauvage to overpower the smell of Smith's Afghan hound. During the rest of the week, Smith made ends meet from freelance jobs as a window dresser, tailor and stylist. In the evenings, he signed up for a fashion design course.

The only shop outside London to sell labels like Kenzo and Margaret Howell, Paul Smith Vêtement also started selling the pieces that Smith designed himself and had made up by local manufacturers. Then, as now, his clothes were inspired by the traditional British men's wear he admired: everything from his brother's Post Office shirts and the tweeds of the Nottinghamshire county set, to the imported US jeans and bespoke suits in unusual blues or greens that he wore himself. "The hardest thing was justifying the name 'designer' for myself when I only made such simple clothes. I ended up designing clothes that I wanted to wear myself and felt good in. Well-made, good quality, simple cut, interesting fabric, easy to wear. No-bullshit clothing."

By 1974, the shop had outgrown its back alley and Smith moved to bigger premises on the main street. Two years later, he showed his collection in Paris for the first time and searched for a London shop, finally finding it in a tiny bakery in the then-rundown Covent Garden. "The area was completely empty at the time - there was just the tube and a fruit shop. It took me six months to find out who owned it, it turned out to be a retired baker ... I asked if he would sell it and he said he would for about £30,000. I went to Barclays (Bank) in Nottingham and asked if they would lend me £5,000 or £10,000, but the manager didn't like the fact that I had long hair and a red scarf, and wouldn't lend me anything. Then I went to the Yorkshire Bank in Nottingham and they lent me £10,000. My tailor lent me £10,000 and then I went to the baker and said that I only had £20,000 ... I think he lent me some and I got it for around £25,000 in the end."

Having bought the shop, Smith didn't have enough cash to do it up. Three years later he did and the tatty old bakery fittings were stripped out and the shop spruced up into a stark, elegant Le Corbusier-inspired style. As well as clothes, Smith sold quirky penknives, notebooks and pens that he picked up on his travels. His most inspired 'find' was the Filofax, a leatherbound personal organiser he unearthed at Norman & Hill, a tiny company hidden under an East London railway arch.

When the neighbouring shop came up for sale, Smith bought it. As he "didn't have the heart" to rip out the lovely old wooden fittings, he patched them up instead. The extra space was used to sell more idiosyncratic things - old Beano annuals, first-edition books and, after he began travelling to Japan in 1982, comical Japanese toys and gadgets - alongside Smith's clothes. He filled the windows with furniture by designer friends like Tom Dixon and James Dyson's G-Force vacuum cleaner. As a young designer, Marc Newson stopped by to show Smith a watch in the hope of persuading him to sell it. "Paul said: "It's a nice watch, but it's not a nice price", recalled Newson. "He was right. It was too expensive. That was an important lesson for me."

By then, Smith has coined a phrase to describe his style, 'classic with a twist'. "I take ingredients from upper-class tailoring, hand-made suits and so on, and bring them together with something silly," he explained. "So I might bring together a beautiful suit with a denim short. Or use floral prints inspired by old-fashion seed packets for men's shirts, or line tailored jackets with flamboyantly coloured silks, or ask a factory which specialises in V-necked school sweaters to knit them in crazy colours." "It is as though he possesses some inner equivalent of the Houndsditch Clothes Exchange - not a museum, but a vast, endlessly recombinant jumble sale in which all the artefacts of his nation and culture constantly engage in a mutual exchange of code," wrote the US novelist William Gibson of the Paul Smith style.

Smith has since stuck to the same formula, for both his collections and shops, as his wholesale business has expanded and he has opened more shops in Asia, the US and Europe while diversifying into everything from women's wear and watches to perfume. The shops are still filled with first-edition books like Cecil Beaton's autobiographies, 1960s posters and quirky Japanese flea market finds: and their windows are as likely to display Apple's new computer or the latest video games system as Paul Smith clothes.

"The reason I've been successful is because I've just got on and packed boxes and I know that VAT means Value Added Tax not vodka and tonic," Paul Smith wrote in his book You can find inspiration in everything. "I've sold on the shop floor, I've typed invoices. At some point I've done everything, and I've always kept my head above water financially. Nevertheless I'm extremely nervous about becoming a businessman and not a designer."

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BIOGRAPHY

1946 Born in Nottingham to Irene and Harold Smith, a draper and amateur photographer.

1961 Leaves school at 15 with no qualifications. His father finds him a job as an errand boy at a local clothing warehouse.

1963 Hospitalised for three months after crashing his racing bicycle on a training run.
Starts making displays for the clothing warehouse and takes charge of men's wear buying.

1964 Helps Janet, a friend from the local art school, to open Nottingham's first boutique by finding the premises, then becomes the manager.

1967 Leaves his parents house to live with Pauline Denyer (now his wife) a designer who teaches fashion two days a week.

1970 Opens his first shop, Paul Smith Vêtement Pour Homme, on a back alley on Fridays and Saturdays. It is the only shop outside London to sell clothes by Kenzo and Katherine Hamnett.
After taking evening classes at the local polytechnic, Smith begins to design his own clothes, helped by Pauline, and manufactures them in local factories.

1974 Moves to a bigger shop open six days a week on the main street of Nottingham.

1976 After working as a consultant to the International Wool Secretariat, Smith shows his collection in Paris.
Buys a tiny shop on dilapidated Floral Street in London's Covent Garden, but can't afford to open it.

1979 Finally opens his first London shop.
Discovers Norman & Hill, an East London company manufacturing Filofax personal organisers, and starts to sell them.

1982 Opens a second London shop on Avery Row, off Bond Street.

1984 Signs a licensing agreement with Itochu, the Japanese trading house. By 2002, Paul Smith has 200 shops and 500 wholesale customers in Japan.

1987 Having sold the Paul Smith collection in the US on a wholesale basis for ten years, Smith opens his first shop there in New York's West Village.

1991 Opens a Japanese flagship store in the Shibuya area of Tokyo (his 60th outlet in Japan) and the first Paul Smith franchised shop in Hong Kong.

1993 Launches the R. Newbold collection inspired by the clothes made by the factory of the same name that Smith acquired in 1991.
Opens his first Paris store on Boulevard Raspail.

1994 Introduces a women's wear collection and watches produced in a licensing deal with Citizen.

1995 Wins a Queen's Award for Export.
The Paul Smith True Brit exhibition is staged at the Design Museum in London before touring to Europe and Japan.

1997 Invited to join the UK government's Creative Industries Taskforce, an advisory body composed of leading figures in the creative industries.

1998 Starts to show his women's line during London Fashion Week.
Opens a new store in Westbourne House, a 19th century villa in Notting Hill, West London, renovated by the architect Sophie Hicks.

2000 Launch of Paul Smith Fragrances in a licensing agreement with Inter Parfums.

2001 Knighted in the Birthday Honours List and, on the same day, marries Pauline Denyer.
Publishes You can find inspiration in everything (and, if you can't, look again) with a polystyrene cover designed by Apple Computers' head of design, Jonathan Ive.

2003 Great Brits, an exhibition of new British design organised by the Design Museum and British Council, is presented at Paul Smith's new Milan headquarters during the Milan Furniture Fair.

2005 A second Great Brits exhibition is presented at Paul Smith in Milan organised by the Design Museum and British Council.
Opens his first shop in Los Angeles.

2007 A third Great Brits exhibition is presented at Paul Smith in Milan organised by the Design Museum and British Council.
Selector for 25/25 - Celebrating 25 Years of Design exhibition at the Design Museum 29 March - 22 June.

© Design Museum

FURTHER READING

Visit the Paul Smith website at paulsmith.co.uk

Paul Smith, You can find insipiration in everything (and if you can't, look again), Violette Editions, 2001

For more information on British design and architecture go to Design in Britain, the online archive run as a collaboration between the Design Museum and British Council, at designmuseum.org/designinbritain

© Design Museum